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最新詞匯:
取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅：The agricultural tax was rescinded
財(cái)稅體制：fiscal and taxation systems
載人航天飛行：Manned spaceflights
月球探測工程：moon exploration project
免費(fèi)義務(wù)教育：Free compulsory education
城鄉(xiāng)公共文化服務(wù)體系：urban and rural system of public cultural services
殘奧會：Paralympics
民主法制建設(shè)：democracy and the legal system
城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入：Urban per capita annual disposable income
農(nóng)村居民人均純收入：rural per capita annual net income
社會保障體系：a social safety net
全面建設(shè)小康社會：building a moderately prosperous society in all respects
綜合國力：overall national strength
科學(xué)發(fā)展觀：Scientific Outlook on Development
宏觀調(diào)控：macroeconomic regulation
存款準(zhǔn)備金率：required reserve ratio
存貸款基準(zhǔn)利率：benchmark interest rates for savings and loans
出口退稅：export tax rebates
前沿技術(shù)研究：leading-edge technologies
第三代移動通信：third generation mobile communications
超級雜交水稻：super-hybrid rice
自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)：Chinese intellectual property rights
青藏鐵路：The Qinghai-Tibet Railway
三峽工程：Three Gorges Project
西電東送、西氣東輸：the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region
南水北調(diào)工程：the project to divert water from southern China to northern China
節(jié)能減排：saving energy and reducing emissions
股份制改革：stockholding system in SOEs
上市：be listed on stock markets
股權(quán)分置改革: reform of the shareholder structure
制假售假: sale of counterfeit goods
非法傳銷: pyramid scheme
商業(yè)欺詐: commercial frau
盜版侵權(quán): piracy and infringement on others' rights
進(jìn)口配額: import quotas
“走出去”戰(zhàn)略: "go global" strategy
人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略: The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources
應(yīng)急醫(yī)療救治體系: emergency medical response system
婦幼保健院: health centers for women and children
國有企業(yè)下崗職工再就業(yè): finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs
失業(yè)保險(xiǎn): unemployment insurance system
養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度: basic old-age insurance system
合作醫(yī)療制度: rural cooperative medical care
拖欠農(nóng)民工工資: The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas
退役軍人: demobilized military personnel
儲蓄存款利息稅率: The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits
個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn): the earnings threshold for the individual income tax
房屋拆遷：housing demolition
農(nóng)民工：rural migrant workers
不良貸款：nonperforming loans
遏制“臺獨(dú)”分裂活動：opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence
反腐敗斗爭：combat corruption
商業(yè)賄賂：combating bribery
失職瀆職行為：neglect and dereliction of duty
核心句型
1. 無主語句的翻譯
本次報(bào)告中出現(xiàn)大量的無主語句。無主語句翻譯的兩種最重要的方法：1）添加主語、
2）變?yōu)楸粍印?BR>例1：國有企業(yè)、金融、財(cái)稅、外經(jīng)貿(mào)體制和行政管理體制等改革邁出重大步伐。開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入新階段。2007年進(jìn)出口總額達(dá)到2.17萬億美元，從世界第六位上升到第三位。
Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system. China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy. Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.
例2：創(chuàng)新型國家建設(shè)進(jìn)展良好，涌現(xiàn)出一批具有重大國際影響的科技創(chuàng)新成果。載人航天飛行和首次月球探測工程圓滿成功。
Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made. Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.
例3：城鄉(xiāng)公共文化服務(wù)體系逐步完善。文化體制改革取得重要進(jìn)展，文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。上海特奧會成功舉辦。北京奧運(yùn)會、殘奧會和上海世博會籌備工作進(jìn)展順利。
Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services. Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated. The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held. Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.
例4：深化涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易投資便利化。放開外貿(mào)經(jīng)營權(quán)，大幅度降低關(guān)稅，取消進(jìn)口配額、許可證等非關(guān)稅措施，金融、商業(yè)、電信等服務(wù)業(yè)開放不斷擴(kuò)大。進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)逐步優(yōu)化。利用外資質(zhì)量進(jìn)一步提高。實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐，對外經(jīng)濟(jì)互利合作取得明顯成效。
We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment. We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider. There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports. There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital. The "go global" strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries
2. 長句的斷句：
本報(bào)告中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)長句，如何斷句，如何重組是應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)的部分。
例1：事實(shí)充分說明，過去五年是改革開放和全面建設(shè)小康社會取得重大進(jìn)展的五年，//是社會生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力顯著增強(qiáng)的五年，是社會事業(yè)全面發(fā)展和人民得到更多實(shí)惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響不斷提高的五年。
All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.
例2：
在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，各級政府和全國各族人民認(rèn)真貫徹黨的十六大精神，齊心協(xié)力，頑強(qiáng)拼搏，//積極應(yīng)對復(fù)雜多變的國際環(huán)境，努力克服經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的各種困難，戰(zhàn)勝了突如其來的嚴(yán)重非典疫情和歷史罕見的低溫雨雪冰凍等特大自然災(zāi)害，//改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得了舉世矚目的重大成就。
Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication. We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before. We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.
3. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)的處理
文中多次出現(xiàn)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯時(shí)，太長的可以斷句。一般可以用and連接或者實(shí)用“；”連接。
例1：青藏鐵路提前一年建成通車，三峽工程防洪、發(fā)電、航運(yùn)等綜合效益全面發(fā)揮，西電東送、西氣東輸全面投產(chǎn)，南水北調(diào)工程進(jìn)展順利，溪洛渡水電站、紅沿河核電站、京滬高速鐵路和千萬噸級煉油廠、百萬噸級乙烯等一批重大項(xiàng)目陸續(xù)開工建設(shè)，普光氣田、南堡油田等勘查開發(fā)取得重大進(jìn)展。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time; the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping; the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational; the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly; and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.
例2：
我們圍繞解決經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的突出矛盾，注重宏觀調(diào)控的預(yù)見性、及時(shí)性和有效性。幾年來，針對固定資產(chǎn)投資增長過快、貨幣信貸投放過多、外貿(mào)順差過大，以及農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱等經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中不穩(wěn)定、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問題，嚴(yán)把土地、信貸兩個(gè)閘門，提高市場準(zhǔn)入門檻，適時(shí)調(diào)整財(cái)政政策、貨幣政策，完善產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和土地政策，調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，加強(qiáng)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，搞好經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行調(diào)節(jié)。根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢的變化，多次及時(shí)調(diào)整金融機(jī)構(gòu)存款準(zhǔn)備金率、存貸款基準(zhǔn)利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和資源性產(chǎn)品的出口退稅。這些宏觀調(diào)控措施取得明顯成效，經(jīng)濟(jì)連續(xù)五年保持平穩(wěn)快速發(fā)展，沒有出現(xiàn)大的起落。
We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation. Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.
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