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昂立教育全國獨家首發 交大昂立口譯研究中心出品
Note –Taking and Gap-Filling
How is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. When answering this question, one must understand that urbanization cannot be stopped but only contained in a manner that will help the United States to function better as a country.
The more densely populated and more heterogeneous a community is, the more accentuated characteristics can be associated with urbanism. Urbanism promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates poverty. Another major issue being created by this social problem is the breaking of the traditional family structure. Our cities are not working well---sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education, and even electricity are failing. These are all responsibilities of the government, or it is at least their job to regulate these services deemed to be monopolies. And it is a known fact that monopolies deem toward inefficiency.
Functionalists look at our cities as a means to profit. Cities are a place where everybody visits. And therefore vendors can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack of cigarettes for three dollars at my local gas station. And when I visited inner city Orlando, I bought the same brand of cigarettes for four dollars.
In the United States, the breaking of the traditional family structure is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The traditional mom-and-dad-and-children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is a weakened bond of kinship and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to specialized institutions outside of the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, historical functions. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. In single-parent families, parents spend less time with children. These specialized institutions often help, but cannot replace the role of a child guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as well.
The variations of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups. This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society. As for racism and segregation, there is not much that can be done to fix these problems. Individuals will always have their own opinions, no matter how ignorant. And the only thing we can do is to hope that these problems die out as we desegregate our community. People will choose their destination or place of residence according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget? The government assumes major responsibility for development attempting to meet rapid and increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is not distributed equally mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have a higher budget to work with.
Urban areas are usually lacking in financial resources, therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas, such as sanitation, education and many other categories. America has hired 50% more teachers in the last few years than have been hired in the past, but the increase in population keeps the classrooms just as large. The effort does not meet the need, thus the problem remains as strong as ever. Due to the overpopulation in urban areas and the lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is still a huge problem in which they are faced with. Also, the lack of the traditional family structure and weakened bonds of kinship weaken the moral of the children growing up in the urban areas. These children grow up in poverty, and usually look at crime as a quick and easy way out. Problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled in any short-term efforts. We can only hope to contain them and attempt to make sure that no more problems arise from the already existing ones.
Listening and Translation
Sentence translation
1. I think my parents influenced me the most, material wealth, status and power were never revered in our family. I was taught to value honesty, fairness and consideration of others.
我認為父母對我的影響是最大的，在我家里不崇拜物質財富、地位和權利。從小父母教給我重視誠實、公正和為他人考慮。
2. Innovation is like a bamboo shoot, a bamboo shoots bends many years under ground, and then it just picks its head up like a seedling, and to shoot up very quickly.
創新猶如竹筍，竹筍要在地下生長許多年，然后像幼苗一樣把頭抬，飛速竄高。
3. I’m a great believer that almost everything you achieve in life is down to your attitude. If I have an employee who is magnificently gifted but has a stinking? attitude, I would not waste time on them.
我強烈認為一個人所取得的成功歸于態度。如果我有一個員工，他天資聰慧但是態度極差，我不會在他們身上浪費時間的。
4. With record personal debts, tens of thousands of bankruptcies and sharp interest rate declines, economists and bankers have warned that Canadians face financial hardships which could threaten economic growth.
個人貸款紀錄、成千上萬破產和利率下降，經濟學家和銀行家已經警示，加拿大人面臨的金融危機危機會進一步影響到經濟增長。
5. In Europe, 26% of school children aged from 5 to 9 years old spend times on computers in 2007. yet very little research has been conducted to examine what impact computers have on children’s cognitive and emotional development.
歐洲，2007有26%的5至9歲的學生在校學習電腦，但是并沒有多少試驗結果能夠表明電腦對于孩子的認知和情感發展是否有影響。
Passage translation
Passage one
If you are required to give a presentation or speech, just remember make the structure and points of what you are saying obvious to the audience. Don’t be afraid to rephrase and summarize your main points to make sure you get them across. But make it enjoyable for the audience too by being amusing if appropriate or by perhaps illustrating points you make with an anecdote or an analogy. Something that is too abstract and theoretical can be a bit tedious to listen to for too long. Anyway, we can discuss that in greater detail when you have got your subject chosen.
如果你需要做演講或報告，記得要把你要講內容的結構和要點對聽眾講清楚。不要害怕解釋和總結你的主要論點以便于讓觀眾聽明白。為了讓聽眾聽聽得開心，可以在合適的時候穿插幽默或者用佚事或對比把自己的觀點講清楚。太抽象和理論性的東西如果聽久的話可能會讓聽眾覺得單調無聊。大家選了主題后，我們在這個問題上可以進一步討論。
Passage two
According to the latest report issued by the Department of Health, there are now 13 states, where more than a quarter of the adult population is overweight or obese. Nevada is the only state that saw a decrease in the percentage of the obese adult compared to last year’s report. Overall, adult obesity rose from 15% in 1985 to 32% in 2007. Taken together, individuals who are either overweight or obese comprise 64% of the US adult population. Obesity among children is increasing at an even more alarming pace, having more than tripled in the past two decades.
根據衛生部最近發布的一份報告顯示，已經有十三個州的成人肥胖人口比例超過1/4。和去年的報告相比，內華達是唯一一個肥胖率有所下降的州。總體來說，成人肥胖率已經從1985年的15%上升到2007年的32%。超重和肥胖的人口總地加起來占美國成人總人口的64%。兒童中的肥胖率在以驚人的速度上升，在過去二十年中已經增長了三倍。
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