要翻促進發展,一律promote development;要翻許多,通通many。諸如此類的詞匯,被筆者稱之為“濫詞”,即被用到泛濫的詞匯。
如果是追求反應速度和效率的口譯部分,這樣的譯文當然沒有問題。可是在時間充裕的筆譯部分,這樣的簡單詞匯無疑會令譯文質量打上折扣。至少,無法讓閱卷人眼前一亮,難獲高分。
出于對以上問題的考慮,筆者通過在新東方多年的口譯教研經歷,總結了中高級口譯考試漢英翻譯題中出現頻率最高的30個常用單詞/詞組的替換方案,以期幫助同學在短時間內積累一定的亮點詞匯。
需要提醒同學們注意的有兩點。一是各個亮點詞匯絕不是被替換詞的同義詞,不可胡亂使用,其具體用法請自行查閱詞典。如waste的替換詞中,squander是動詞,luxurious是形容詞,用法完全不同。二是建議同學在此基礎上繼續自行積累,多多益善,方能在考場上厚積薄發。
(1)give給,提供
offer,supply,provide,furnish ,distribute,allocate
(2)get得到
receive/accept,gain,acquire,obtain,attain,earn
(3)many/much/a lot of/lots of許多
a large number of,a multitude of,plenty of
an enormous amount/huge amounts of,a great/good deal of
(4)poor貧窮的
poverty-stricken,destitute,impoverished
(5)rich富有的
wealthy,well off,affluent,prosperous
(6)certainly一定
inevitable,unavoidable,be doomed to,be bound to
(7)all所有,全部
universal,widespread,prevalent,whole,entire
(8)enough足夠
ample,sufficient,adequate
(9)show顯示,展現
indicate,demonstrate,illustrate,suggest,display,showcase
(10)risk/danger危險
hazard,peril,jeopardize,endanger,menace
(11)way方法,辦法,手段
measure,method,means,approach
(12)catch,attractive吸引,有吸引力的
obsess,immerse,fascinate,enchant
charming,inviting,alluring,appealing
(13)harm/damage破壞(的),有害(的)
destructive,devastating,detrimental,undermine
(14)useful/helpful有用的
effective,practical,valuable,invaluable,conducive
(15)great/wonderful偉大的
incredible,amazing,sublime,extraordinary,magnificent,glorious
(16)try,effort努力
endeavor,strive to do sth/for sth
(17)famous著名的
well-known,celebrated,noted,eminent,renowned
(18)difficulty困難,困境
adversity,hardship,plight,predicament
setback,hurdle,obstacle
(19)focus on集中
center on,concentrate on
(20)so所以
consequently,therefore,as a result
(21)because因為
as a result of;attribute/ascribe A to B
(22)press(ure)壓力
place/put a (heavy) burden on;strain
(23)about大約
approximately,roughly
(24)cooperate合作
Collaborate,join hands in doing sth
(25)waste浪費(的)
Squander,fritter,luxurious (26)save/economical節約(的)
Thrifty,conserve
(27)develop發展
Thrive,evolve,burgeon
(28)promote促進
Boost,give a boost to,accelerate
(29)delay,postpone暫緩,延期
shelve
(30)deal with應對,處理
Cope with,grapple with,address,tackle
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