英語陷阱:They will get married in a month. | |||
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此句不能翻譯成:他們將在一個月內(nèi)結(jié)婚。如果要表達此意,應(yīng)該翻成:
They will get married within a month.
介詞短語in ten days (months, years) 既可以作“十日(月、年)內(nèi)”解,也可作“十日(月、年)后”解,主要是視句中動詞的“體貌”(aspect)而定。如果動詞是“非持續(xù)性動詞 (nondurative verb)”,如: marry, close, open等表示瞬間行為的動詞,in… 作“……之后”解,它表示after the course of的涵義;如果動詞是“持續(xù)性動詞(durative verb)”,如: learn, sleep, live, work等表示持續(xù)性行為的動詞,in作“……之內(nèi)”解,它表示in a time no longer than的涵義。試比較下面兩個句子:
They will graduate from Hong Kong University in two years.
他們將在兩年后從香港大學(xué)畢業(yè)。
They will learn the English language in two years.
他們將在兩年內(nèi)學(xué)好英語。
I’ll leave for Shanghai in six months.
半年之后我要到上海去。
In a day or two we’ll visit the Space Theatre.
再過一兩天,我們要去天象廳。
I’ll come to see you again in three days.
三天后我再來看你。
in ten days 和 after ten days的區(qū)別也要注意,因為這兩個短語都表示“在十天后”的涵義,但是用場合并不一樣。前者用于將來時,以現(xiàn)在某一特定的時間為起點;后者用于過去時,是從現(xiàn)在看過去,表示已發(fā)生的動作的時間。例:
They will be back in ten days.
They came back after ten days.
如果是以過去時間為起點看將來,依舊要用in,不用after。例如New Concept English第二冊第十八課He Often Does This中就有這么一句:
The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out.
In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it to me.
順便在此指出,關(guān)于題例中“結(jié)婚”一詞,也需要注意其表達方法。請看下面關(guān)于”marry”的例句:
瑪麗和約翰結(jié)婚了。
Mary (was) married with John. (錯誤)
Mary married John. (正確)
Mary was married to John. (正確)
Mary and John were (or got) married. (正確)
你結(jié)婚了嗎?
Do you marry? (錯誤)
Have you married? (習(xí)慣上不這么說)
Have you been married? (習(xí)慣上不這么說)
Are you married?(正確)
通過上例可見,marry和get married是指事件(event),to be married是指狀態(tài)(state)。因此,英美人是不說:Mary hasn’t got married. 而是說:Mary is not married.
下面一段中,各句都是正確的英文表達:
Alice didn’t want to work, so she married a millionaire.
Betty didn’t want to get married; she wanted a career.
Betty is not married. Alice is married to a millionaire.
Alice married (or got married) in January last year. Her marriage is not successful.
She did not enjoy her married life.
John and Mary were married in February last week.
所以此句的翻譯為:他們將在一個月后結(jié)婚。
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