Part 1 Words and expressions
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1. <!--[endif]-->Southampton n. 南安普敦
文化：英格蘭南部港市
Northampton: n. 北安普敦--the birthplace of Princess Diana
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2. <!--[endif]-->sail for 航海去往某處 set sail for…..
The researchers will sail for Antarctica early next month, in an expedition funded by the Australian and New Zealand governments.
__研究者將于下個月初開始去南極的航行，踏上一段由澳洲和新西蘭政府出資贊助的行程。
How many days will it __take__to sail from Southampton to NewYork?
聯想詞：sailboat __帆船___ sailplane__滑翔機___
Proverb：
Strike the iron while it is hot=hoist your sail while the wind is strong (趁熱打鐵、乘風揚帆)
人：
sailor: e.g. He is not a good sailor ( he is seasick)
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3. <!--[endif]-->同義詞：set out (off) for 出發去往某處, leave for, head for, make for
Eg: He will set out for the Atlantic.
The plane is making for the airport.
We are heading for Canada.
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4. <!--[endif]-->by current standards=by __modern__ standards 反義by _past__ standards
by=___according to____
詞組：by regulation 依據規則
by rules 依據條例
by our estimate 根據我們的估計
by one’s looks / by one’s appearance 根據某人的長相
近義詞：according to 依據 （事實、課文等客觀存在的現實）
according to the fact 依據事實
according to the text 依據這篇課文
in accordance with 更加正式
4. colossal=big/ very big
表示大的詞： giant/ gigantic/ large/ immense/ tremendous/
As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool."
___因為許多人將到訪該國，政府將建造新旅館、一個大型體育館和一個高標準的新的游泳池。______
A380看起來就像是空中飛行的一個巨大的鳥。
_____ A380 looks like a colossal flying bird in the air._________________
enormous, immense, huge, vast, gigantic, colossal, titanic, tremendous這組同義詞的一般含義是“極大的”。
enormous不僅表示“塊頭”和“數量”方面的“大”，而且可以表示程度方面的“極大”，并且具有反常(abnormality)的內涵。
He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as ￡100,000 for a single appearence.
___他收入極高，每次露面可以獲得高達10萬英鎊的報酬。____________________
immense 表示“特別大的”意思，其內涵是無法測量(immeasurableness)
The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.
___泰坦尼克號及時轉向，與旁邊一個高出海面100英尺的冰山擦肩而過。____________
huge 強調體積方面的“巨大”
Four days after setting out, while the Titantic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
___出發后四天，當泰坦尼克正駛過大西洋北部的冰冷的海水時，瞭望員發現了一座巨大的冰山。__________
vast 強調幅員“遼闊廣大”
It is a vast expanse of desert. ____這片沙漠面積巨大_____
colossal 字面上的含義是“巨大的”，比喻如同Rhodes島(土耳其西南)上Apollo神巨像那么大(120英尺高)。這個詞常用來表示大得驚人或難以置信(stupendousness, incredibility)
Even by modern standards, the 46, 000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship.
___即使按照當今的標準，46000噸的泰坦尼克號也算得上一艘巨輪。__________
titanic原義指“泰坦神族的”(古希臘神，為泰坦族，身材龐大，并有驚天動地的力量)，常用來形容體積大而且力量大的機器。《泰坦尼克號》巨輪用Titanic為船名，即表示此船不僅巨大而且載重能力也強，經得起遠航中的風浪
We have been making titanic effort to achieve our purpose.
___為了達成目標，我們付出了巨大的努力。___________
tremendous用于表示“大得驚人的”
In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. 美杜莎在全盛時期極受人們歡迎。
4. watertight adj. 不漏水的；引申為無懈可擊的，毫無破綻的
This is a watertight ship.___這是一個不漏水的船。___
watertight arguments ___無懈可擊的觀點__
watertight excuse ___天衣無縫的借口___
近義詞waterproof 防水的(waterproof watch 防水手表waterproof coat 防水雨衣)
The Egyptian Pyramids are not only the largest tombs, but was regarded as impossible or unbelievable, for there were no advanced technology or enough laborers.
埃及金字塔不光是巨大的墓群，更重要的是：它的建造被認為是不可能的或不可思議的，因為當時并沒有發達的科技或者足夠的勞力（來支持它的建造）。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1. <!--[endif]-->flood v. 充滿水 n.洪水
其他表示自然災害的單詞：干旱：__drought__ 火山爆發__volcano eruption____________海嘯__tsunami___
颶風/臺風___hurricane/typhoon___ 龍卷風___tornado___ 沙塵暴___sandust____
比喻用法：
The room was flooded with moonlight.____屋里灑滿了月光____
Our classroom was flooded with sunshine.______教室里灑滿了陽光________
in a flood of words 滔滔不絕的
She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.___她一看到丈夫，就像機關槍一樣責備他。_____________
Mr Willetts is not the only writer to worry about baby-boomers crashing through society like a flash flood.
____嬰兒潮出生者會像猛烈的洪水一樣對社會產生沖擊---Willett先生不是唯一擔心此事的人_________________
6. tragic adj. very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction tragedy n.
Four tragedies: Hamlet、Othello、King Lear 、Romeo and Juliet(all by __Shakespeare________)
Four comedies: The Comedy of Errors(錯誤的喜劇), The Two Gentlemen of Verona(維洛那二紳士) All is well that ends well（吉人天相） The merchant of Venice
反義詞：comedy 喜劇 comic 喜劇的，滑稽的 comedian
And it seems overwhelmingly likely that the latest plane crash is a tragic blunder-cum-accident(疏忽大意造成的事故）.
_____ 極有可能最近的空難是由于疏忽大意造成的悲劇。_________________
The tragedy of Mr Gorbachev's （戈爾巴喬夫）personal life was to outlive his beloved wife, Raisa.__ 戈爾巴喬夫人生不幸的事情是，他的愛妻Raisa先于他離開人世。________
嘗試難句翻譯：The tragedy of the sea is the tragedy of the commons, which is that anyone with access to a common resource has an interest in over-exploiting it because if he does not, someone else will.
___海洋面臨的悲劇是大眾的悲劇，也就是說，作為一個公共資源，所有人都能夠使用，而如果他不去過度使用，那么別人就會捷足先登。____________________
