如今我們可以看到越來越多的中國人開始養(yǎng)寵物,其中這寵物的種類也是名目繁多,但貓跟狗似乎永遠(yuǎn)都是人們的最愛。新概念三的第九課開門見山地說明了貓對(duì)人類的持久吸引力。不像狗和馬,貓是個(gè)性鮮明的動(dòng)物,獨(dú)立而神秘。可能最讓大家津津樂道的關(guān)于貓的話題就是它們有九條命的這種說法,文章也給出了科學(xué)的解釋。在這一點(diǎn)上,中西文化是一致的。
但是,細(xì)心的同學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),西方人對(duì)貓的喜愛好像遠(yuǎn)不如對(duì)狗的喜歡。在英語中,很多關(guān)于貓的習(xí)語都是貶義的,最好不過是中性了,而關(guān)于狗的習(xí)語卻大多都是褒義的。比如:a cat may look at a king 小人物也有尊嚴(yán);the cat did it是貓打破的,不是我搞的(推托責(zé)任的話)。西方文化中多用cat來形容女人,模特兒走的臺(tái)步就叫catwalk貓步,an old cat指脾氣壞的老太婆,a barber’s cat指“面現(xiàn)病容和饑色的人”,as sick as a cat形容某人病得很厲害。貓也用來比喻惡毒的女人,如果你說的是惡言毒語,人們會(huì)說你catty(貓一樣的)。
文化根源在于,原來貓?jiān)谖鞣奖环Q為巫婆的熟友,這起因與中世紀(jì)的迷信——撒旦(Satan)魔鬼最喜歡化做一只黑貓,巫婆則常帶這一只貓作為熟友相伴。這一迷信源自于有關(guān)枷蘭提亞(Galenthias)化作一只貓,成了魔術(shù)女神海克提(Hecate)的女祭司(Priestess)。
當(dāng)然,貓?jiān)诓煌幕兴尸F(xiàn)的形象也不盡相同。在古羅馬,貓是自由的象征,自由女神(the goddess of Liberty)常被刻畫成腳下伴著一只貓。貓之所以用以象征自由,是因?yàn)樨埵菬釔圩杂傻模瑳]有什么動(dòng)物像貓那樣強(qiáng)烈地反對(duì)管制。也正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)特質(zhì),忙碌而渴求心靈自由的現(xiàn)代人越來越偏愛貓這種個(gè)性獨(dú)立的小動(dòng)物,人和貓似乎在一點(diǎn)上達(dá)成了某種共識(shí)。
下面這則短文是一個(gè)"愛貓勝于愛狗"的西方人寫的,題目是:cats make much better pets than dogs,不妨一讀:
Cats are small, so they don't need a lot of space. They can do as well in a city apartment as in a house with a yard. They keep themselves clean. They are not as messy as dogs are. Most of the time, they are quiet. Cats seem to be smarter than dogs. They are certainly more independent. Yet cats can be every bit as affectionate as dogs. Dogs often seem to love everybody, but cats are choosier. When a cat loves you, you really feel as though you are somebody special.