20131006基口考試聽(tīng)力下午Spot Dictation原文+解析——呂夢(mèng)皎 | |||
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20131006聽(tīng)力下午Spot Dictation來(lái)自于VOA慢速英語(yǔ)農(nóng)業(yè)報(bào)道,內(nèi)容關(guān)于人感染動(dòng)物傳播的疾病,人畜共患病以及其傳播途徑等等。整體難度適中,文中出現(xiàn)各種昂立講義高頻詞,disease,food safety,infection,potential,,reduce poverty,a growing world population 等等(以下黃色標(biāo)出),以及數(shù)字的記錄,這也是昂立老師反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要牢牢掌握,不可失分的要點(diǎn)。
Researchers estimate that more than two billion people a year get diseases spread by animals. More than two million of them die.
Delia Grace is a veterinary epidemiologist an expert in the spread of diseases involving animals. She is also a food safety expert. She works at the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, Kenya. She explains that diseases transmitted between animals and people are called zoonoses.
A majority of human diseases are actually zoonotic. More than sixty percent of human diseases are transmitted from other vertebrate animals.
Delia Grace says there are many different infection pathways for a person. Probably the most common one is for people to get sick from food. Other transmission pathways include direct contact with animals. And some diseases can be transmitted through water or through the air. Diseases like avian influenza or mad cow disease have actually killed very few people. But they are of interest because some of them have the potential to kill a lot of people diseases like the Spanish flu after the First World War or HIV/AIDS, both of which were originally zoonoses."
Delia Grace is the lead author of a new report called "Mapping of Poverty and Likely Zoonoses Hotspots." She points out that poverty and disease are closely linked, so preventing the transmission of animal diseases could help reduce poverty.
The report, for Britain's Department for International Development, lists places where the diseases are most common. The report lists places where a disease has existed for a long time, a so-called endemic zoonosis, as well as places with new threats.
So in terms of the hotspots of the zoonosis which are there all the time not the new zoonosis, but what we call the endemic zoonosis we identified three countries which bear the greatest burden of these diseases. And those are India, Ethiopia and Nigeria. But in terms of the new diseases the diseases which haven't been there, but are emerging the hotspots are very different. They appear to be western United States and western Europe.
Delia Grace says things could get worse in the coming years as meat production increases to feed a growing world population. High production farms often raise animals close together. Crowding can allow diseases to spread quickly. Another concern is the use of antibiotics in food animals, not only to prevent and treat diseases but to increase growth.
The report says an "incentivebased" system to encourage safer methods of raising animals could be more effective than increasing food inspections. |
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