一级免费看_日韩亚洲欧美在线_亚洲三级小说_一区二区三区在线观看免费_亚洲一区二区免费看_天天综合av

1. God commanded, “Let there be light,” but it didn’t happen for nearly half a million years. That’s how long after the Big Bang the universe took to expand enough to allow photons (light particles) to travel freely.

2. Those photons are still running loose, detectable as the cosmic microwave background, a microwave glow from all parts of the sky.

3. Light moves along at full “light speed”—186,282.4 miles per second—only in a vacuum. In the dense matrix of a diamond, it slows to just 77,500 miles per second.

4. Diamonds are the Afghan-istan of gemstones: Any entering photon quickly gets bogged down. It takes a lot of pinging back and forth in a thicket of carbon atoms to find an exit. This action is what gives diamonds their dazzling sparkle.

5. Eyeglasses can correct vision because light changes speed when it passes from air to a glass or plastic lens; this causes the rays to bend.

6. Plato fancied that we see by shooting light rays from our eyes.

7. The Greek philosopher was not completely wrong. Like all living things, humans are bio-luminescent: We glow. We are brightest during the afternoon, around our lips and cheeks. The cause may be chemical reactions involving molecular fragments known as free radicals.

8. Bioluminescence is the largest source of light in the oceans; 90 percent of all creatures who live below about 1,500 feet are luminous.

9. World War II aviators used to spot ships by the bio-luminescence in their wakes.

10. Incandescent bulbs convert only 10 percent of the energy they draw into light, which is why Europe will outlaw them by 2012. Most of the electricity turns into unwanted heat.

11. In the confined space of an Easy-Bake oven, a 100-watt bulb can create a temperature of 325 degrees Fahrenheit.

12. Visible light makes up less than one ten-billionth of the electromagnetic spectrum, which stretches from radio waves to gamma rays.

13. Goldfish can see infrared radiation that is invisible to us. Bees, birds, and lizards have eyes that pick up ultraviolet.

14. Photography means “writing with light.” English astronomer John Herschel, whose father discovered infrared, coined the term.

15. Shoot now: The “golden hour,” just after sunrise and before sunset, produces the prettiest shadows and colors for photographs.

16. Auroras light up the night sky when solar wind particles excite atoms in the upper atmosphere. Oxygen mostly shines green; nitrogen contributes blue and red.

17. But to the Inuits, auroras are spirits of the dead kicking around the head of a walrus.

VOCABULARY

the Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸

photon 光子

light speed 光速

bio-luminescent 生物發(fā)光現(xiàn)象

aviator 飛行員

Incandescent bulbs 白熾燈

infrared 紅外線

ultraviolet 紫外線

aurora 極光

譯文

1.神說：“要有光。”但是光直到50萬年之后才出現(xiàn)——大爆炸之后50萬年，宇宙終于膨脹到足夠大，可以讓光子在其中自由穿行。

2.這時(shí)光子的運(yùn)動(dòng)仍然是無規(guī)則的，以宇宙背景輻射的形式存在——就是從宇宙的各個(gè)部分發(fā)出的微波。

3.光只有在真空中才以“光速”，即186,282.4英里/秒（299,792,458米/秒）運(yùn)動(dòng)，在鉆石這樣的高密度物質(zhì)中，光速會(huì)下降到77,500英里/秒（124,724,160米/秒）。

4.鉆石是寶石中的阿富汗：任何進(jìn)入其中的光子都會(huì)被迫放慢速度。光子要在錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的碳原子間反復(fù)沖撞才能找到出路。而這就是鉆石閃耀著令人眩目的光輝的原因。

5.眼鏡可以校正視力是因?yàn)楣鈴目諝馍淙氩ＡЩ蛩芰系溺R片時(shí)速度會(huì)改變，于是光線就發(fā)生了彎折。

6.柏拉圖認(rèn)為，我們之所以看得見，是因?yàn)槲覀兊难劬��?huì)發(fā)射光線。

7.古希臘哲學(xué)家的看法并非完全錯(cuò)誤。人類和所有其他生物一樣，都有著“生物發(fā)光現(xiàn)象”，也就是說人體確實(shí)會(huì)發(fā)光。我們?cè)谙挛缱蠲髁粒�最明亮的部位則是嘴唇和臉頰。這一現(xiàn)象的原因可能是名為“自由基”的分子片段參與化學(xué)反應(yīng)造成的。

8.生物發(fā)光是海洋中的最大光源：生活在距海平面1500英尺以下的生物有90%都會(huì)發(fā)光。

9.二戰(zhàn)中的飛行員曾通過船只尾流中的生物發(fā)光現(xiàn)象來定位船只。

10.白熾燈只能將通過自身的電能的10%轉(zhuǎn)化為光能，而大部分電能都轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能浪費(fèi)掉了。因此歐洲將在2012年禁用白熾燈。

11.在一個(gè)封閉空間——比如Easy-Bake玩具烤爐里，一個(gè)100瓦的白熾燈泡可以達(dá)到華氏325度（約163攝氏度）的高溫。

12.在覆蓋了從無線電波到伽馬射線的電磁光譜中，可見光只占不到百億分之一的比例。

13.金魚可以看見我們看不見的紅外線。蜜蜂，鳥類和蜥蜴則有著可以看見紫外線的眼睛。

14.攝影其實(shí)就是“用光來書寫”。這個(gè)說法是英國宇航員John Herschel（他的父親發(fā)現(xiàn)了紅外線）創(chuàng)造的。

15.攝影的“黃金時(shí)間”是日落后和日出前的短暫時(shí)間，此時(shí)能拍出光影和色彩都堪稱完美的照片。

16.當(dāng)太陽風(fēng)激發(fā)了高層大氣中的原子，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生極光。氧氣產(chǎn)生的極光多半是綠色的，氮?dú)鈩t是藍(lán)色和紅色。

17.但是對(duì)于居住在北極地區(qū)的因紐特人來說，極光是死者的靈魂在把海象頭當(dāng)球踢……