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For decades, science-fiction writers have envisioned a world in which speech is the most commonly used interface between humans and machines. This is partly a result of our strong desire to make computers behave like human beings. But it is more than that. Speech is natural --- we know how to speak before we know how to read and write. Speech is also efficient --- most people can speak about five times faster than they can type and probably 10 times faster than they can write. And speech is flexible --- we do not have to touch or see anything to carry on a conversation.

The first generation of speech-based interfaces is beginning to emerge, including high-performance systems that can recognize tens of thousands of words. In fact, you can now go to various computer stores and buy speech-recognition software for dictation. Products are offered by IBM, Dragon Systems, Lernout & Hauspie, and Philips. Other systems can accept extemporaneously generated speech over the telephone. AT&T Bell Labs pioneered the use of speech-recognition systems for telephone transactions, and now companies such as Nuance, Philips and SpeechWorks have also entered the field. The current technology is employed in virtual-assistant services, such as General Magic's Portico service, which allows users to request news and stock quotes and even listen to email over the telephone. But the Oxygen project will need far more advanced speech-recognition systems.

1. As human beings, which of the following skill do we acquire first?

A. read  

B. write

C. speak

D. sing

2. Which of the following is not a trait (特征) of speech?

A. natural

B. efficient

C. flexible

D. effective

3. Which of the following company lead the use of speech-recognition systems for telephone transactions?

A. AT&T Bell Labs

B. Nuance

C. IBM

D. Dragon Systems

【Vocabulary】

decade   n. 十年

envision   v. 想象

flexible   adj. 可變通的

generation   n. 一代

recognition   n. 識別

dictation   n. 命令

science fiction   科幻小說

interface   n. 界面，接口

【Background Information】

本文的作者Victor Zue是MIT(麻省理工學院) 電氣工程和計算機科學系教授，他的這篇關于和機器人對話的文章于1999年發表于《科學美國人》雜志，文章前瞻性地提出了人機對話的可能，通過語音識別系統可以實現這種可能。

答案：

1. C，文章中提到we know how to speak before we know how to read and write,所以我們最先學會的是說話這項技能。

2. D，文章提到了話語的三大優點，natural, efficient以及flexible, 千萬不要混淆effective和efficient. effective是“有效的”，efficient是“有效率的”。

3. A， 文章中提到貝爾實驗室是pioneer(領導，起先鋒帶頭作用) 語音識別系統這項技術的。故選擇A.