看奧特曼如何打敗小怪獸--基礎(chǔ)閱讀中的模糊選項(xiàng)
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【名師簡(jiǎn)介】擅長(zhǎng)托福雅思閱讀和寫(xiě)作課程。上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士研究生,優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生。大學(xué)期間曾獲英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí),全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽一等獎(jiǎng),口譯杯陜西賽區(qū)復(fù)賽優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng),外教社助學(xué)金獎(jiǎng)等各類(lèi)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,多次參與閱讀教材編寫(xiě)及專(zhuān)業(yè)文章發(fā)表。課堂上注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣和寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣,提高閱讀和寫(xiě)作能力。授課風(fēng)格親切,耐心。善于發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的問(wèn)題,并根據(jù)學(xué)生特點(diǎn)給予有針對(duì)性的輔導(dǎo)。受到學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)廣泛好評(píng),也受到很多高分學(xué)員追捧。 眾所周知,托福考試中閱讀部分的常見(jiàn)幾大題型是固定的,包括詞匯題,指代題,細(xì)節(jié)題,推理題,否定事實(shí)題,修辭目的題,句子簡(jiǎn)化題,大意概括題和插入題等等。而做好這些題的前提也是一致的,那就是先定位再找答案所在句子或者意群,然后做好理解最后得出答案。授課中的題目講解順序大概也是這個(gè)步驟。除去由于詞語(yǔ)生澀,句子偏長(zhǎng)和背景知識(shí)匱乏等原因引起的選擇錯(cuò)誤之外,其實(shí)出題者本身也會(huì)在4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置一些模糊的選項(xiàng),就好像是小怪獸一樣,迷惑試者,在此我們可以來(lái)看幾個(gè)基礎(chǔ)教材中的案例,來(lái)看看昂立外語(yǔ)【托福培訓(xùn)】老師教你們應(yīng)該如何將他們各自擊破! 詞匯題(chapter2 General Biology) As essential as photoautotrophs are to the modern food chain, however, it is unlikely that they were the frist forms of life. That distinction most likely belongs to chemoautrophs, life fromds that use chemical energy to synthesize organic molecules.Today, chemographs are most commonly found in extremely inhospitable environments, like near volcanic vents at the bottom of the ocean, or in caves miles below the surface of the earth. Billons of years ago, however, conditions on the surface of the earth were much different, and chemoautotrophs may have thrived in these harsh environments. Q: The word thrived in the passage is closest in meaning to A. survived B. existed C. evolved D. prospered 一般程度稍好的學(xué)生看到這個(gè)題目時(shí)可能覺(jué)得很容易。Thrive是繁榮;繁盛的意思, 理所應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇D. 但是對(duì)于詞匯基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱的學(xué)生,只能推理的情況下,可能會(huì)誤選成A, 因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)推理,這類(lèi)生物可能是在一些惡劣的環(huán)境下_____的,還有前面的大多在特別惡劣的環(huán)境里發(fā)現(xiàn)的,很容易退出幸存之意。所以在做這道題時(shí)推理的同時(shí)還要根據(jù)詞匯儲(chǔ)備的實(shí)力選出正確答案。文中說(shuō)most commonly found 也可以推理出是現(xiàn)在數(shù)量很多的意思。所以詞匯題光靠推理如果沒(méi)有詞匯的儲(chǔ)備也是容易出錯(cuò)的。 修辭目的題(chapter1 Social Science) In this way, self-interest could actuallly work for the good of society on the whole. Unfortunately, time proved Smith’s theories somewhat idealistic, as fierce competition would lead to such villainy as the labor abuses of the Industrial Revolution just decades later. However, despite the introduction of some government regulations, the basic tenets of Smith’s philosophy still underpin the economic policies of the most civilizedd nations today. Q: Why does the author mention labor abuses of the Industrial Revolution? A.To suggest that Smith’s idea were open to abuse by immoral people B.To argue that Smith’s idea is a realistic option in modern economics C.To illustrate inhumane aspects of the Industrial Revolution D.To show that market forces alone can prevent labor abuses 修辭目的類(lèi)題一般都是問(wèn)文中出現(xiàn)某個(gè)例子的目的是什么,根據(jù)論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的推理,首先選項(xiàng)中關(guān)于例子本身的描述或者解釋等(本題中c項(xiàng))肯定是不選的。其次根據(jù)idealistic可以判斷B項(xiàng)realistic是錯(cuò)誤的。D項(xiàng)更是跟例子所在意群沒(méi)有任何相關(guān)性。所以根據(jù)排除法,我們知道這道題正確選項(xiàng)是A項(xiàng)。但是A中的immoral people 我們文中根本沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)啊,為什么正確呢?學(xué)生心里可能會(huì)有疑問(wèn)。其實(shí)這個(gè)題目是考察對(duì)于villainy的理解。Villainy字典中指的the quality of evil by virtue of villainous behavior / a treacherous or vicious act/ a very bad or criminal behavior. 自然這些都是由immoral people 發(fā)出的,所以從這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)A項(xiàng)是說(shuō)得過(guò)去的。所以有時(shí)正確選項(xiàng)也可以正確的很模糊。 文章大意題(chaper3-Phycical Science) Once the element is no longer uesful for production, it must be thrown away or stored somewhere, and though it’s radioactivity is diminished through use in the plant, it is still a dangerous and deadly substance. Improperly stored uranium can contaminate the ground and the water supply around it, posing a serious threat to public health. Only after tens of thousands of years of natural decay, will the uranium reach levels that are safe again. For this reason, radioactive waste is stored in secure facilities under the strict supervision of experts, where it is allowed to cool and decay without threatening the environment. Q: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choice that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The process of creating electricity from nuclear materials, while harmless in many aspects, does come with some dangers. A.Nuclear power plants induce fission in uranium by introducing a neutron and destablizing the uranium atom until it breaks apart. B.The electric generators in a nuclear power plant are driven by steam, created by the rapid heating of water through nuclear fission. C.Although nuclear power is popular throughout much of Europe, it is still seen as controversial in other places, like the United States. D.Nuclear waste from power plants can remain a danger to the public for hundreds of years, and so much be protected in special facilities. E.A special kind of uranium, uranium-235, is required in nuclear power plants because it is an especially unstable isotope. F.A process is used to cool the steam produced by power plants before it is released into the atmosphere. 此題目正確答案是ABD. C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中未出現(xiàn)。E項(xiàng)是講鈾這種元素的,明顯是細(xì)節(jié)。F項(xiàng)亦是文中某段落的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。A, B兩項(xiàng)分別是第2段和第3段的主旨明顯正確,主要是D項(xiàng),文中是說(shuō)tens of thousands of years 而選項(xiàng)中說(shuō)的是hundreds of years 有些同學(xué)就覺(jué)得這兩個(gè)詞組在數(shù)量上有出入啊。但是在這里兩者都是強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量之多的意思。且相對(duì)其他選項(xiàng)來(lái)說(shuō)這個(gè)雖模糊但不是錯(cuò)誤。可見(jiàn)模糊的說(shuō)法存在各種題型中。 綜上所述,模糊內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)存在于閱讀題目的各個(gè)角落,我們做出選擇的時(shí)候要一個(gè)個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行核對(duì),以免很快排除了其實(shí)是正確的選項(xiàng)。可見(jiàn)閱讀中選項(xiàng)中時(shí)常出現(xiàn)的小怪獸還真不少,都是來(lái)干擾我們的,要打敗他們要憑借大家的智慧和“無(wú)微不至”的觀察力還有錯(cuò)誤和模糊的界限的權(quán)衡能力了。 想了解更多關(guān)于昂立外語(yǔ)【上海托福培訓(xùn)】大家需要了解相關(guān)信息請(qǐng)猛戳昂立培優(yōu)網(wǎng)站:http://www.niluo.com.cn/ 或電話(huà)垂詢(xún):400-820-8062
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