閱讀理解是高考英語中分值比重最大的題型,歷來是考生們英語復習的重心所在,針對不同閱讀理解題型匯編成解題方法及訓練題供大家學習參考。 一、類屬法 即通過類屬來推測詞義。如: ■Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas. 說明:從句意我們知道 pineapples 和 coconuts 與 bananas, oranges是同類事物,同屬水果(準確地說是“菠蘿”和“椰子”)。 二、推理法 即根據文章的前后語境推出生詞的詞義。如: ■That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 說明:既然一天之內看不完所有的展品,那么 immense 的意思應該是“很大”了。 ■Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest. 說明:既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝”,說明她“很美麗”(gorgeous)。 三、常識法 即根據普通常識推測生詞的詞義。如: ■It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 說明:根據常識,Bill Gates 為世界首富,所以 affluent 可能是“富有的”。 ■As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances. 說明:根據常識,Edison為發明大王,他應因“發明”而聞名于世。 四、列舉法 即通過對文章所列舉的事物來猜測生詞的詞義。如: ■Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys. 說明:像 dogs 和 monkeys 之類的 “creatures”,顯然creatures 的意思應是“動物”。 ■In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker. 說明:periodical 是生詞,但根據其后所列舉的例子,我們可以推測出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。 五、構詞法 即根據前綴、后綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞的詞義。如: ■Overwork may cause diseases. 說明:前綴 over- 的意思是“過分的,過量的”,故 overwork 的意思應為“工作過度”。 ■There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes. 說明:satisfied 的意思是“滿意的”,前綴 dis- 的意思是“不”,故 dissatisfied 的意思應該是“不滿意的”。 六、對比法 即根據文章前后的對比關系確定生詞的詞義。如: ■He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated . 說明:句中的 but 表明 deteriorate 應該與 get better 的意思相反,即“惡化”。 ■In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. 說明:上文說兩個經濟上的極端,那么下文中 penury 應與 great wealth 相對,即表示“貧困”。 ■Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. 說明:while 表對比,意為“而”,所以 loquacious 應是 silent 的反義,即“多嘴的”。 ■If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent. 說明:既然畫圈表示同意,那么畫叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。 七、同位法 同位語是對所修飾詞語的進一步說明和解釋,若對所修飾的詞語不熟悉,可通過其后同位語的“說明或解釋”來確定其詞義。如: ■His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 說明:同位語 the study of the sounds of language 表示 phonetics 的意思應該是“語音學”。 ■Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨). 說明:同位語 a birth illness that damages the spine 表明了spina bifida 是一種病,一種對脊骨有損害的病。 八、釋義法 即根據文章中所提供的釋義關系來確定生詞的詞義。如: ■They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 說明:句中的or 是對loon的解釋,即loon與a mad man 同義,即表示“瘋子”。 ■It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. 說明:句中的 that is 表明 it will break easily 是對 brittle 的解釋,從而猜測出其意為“脆”。 ■The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 說明:定語從句 who looks after sheep 表明 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。 ■There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery? 說明:定語從句 that is somewhat dry and feathery(有點兒干、像羽毛似的) 表明 fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。 九、定義法 即根據文章中的定義關系確定生詞的詞義。如: ■A glacier is a river of ice. 句意表明glacier的意思是“冰河”。 ■A linguist is a person who studies the science of language. Linguist就是一個“研究語言科學的人”,即“語言學家”。
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