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　　不定式的用法

　　動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。

　　一、不定式做主語:

　　1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動作。===動名詞doing表示習慣的,經常的動作。

　　e.g:To finish the building in a month is difficult.

　　To do such things is foolish.

　　To see is to believe.(對等)

　　注:1).不定式作主語時,謂語用單數

　　2).當主語較長,謂語較短時,常用it做形式主語,而將不定式放到謂語的后面。

　　it做形式主語,不定式放在謂語動詞之后常用于下列結構中:

　　(1)Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo…

　　(2)Itis+adj.+forsb.+todo…

　　It is easy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessary

　　(3)itis+a+名詞+todo...

　　It is a pity/a pleasure/a pleasant thing/one’s duty/an honor/a shame/a crime/no easy job…todo

　　It takes (sb.) sometime/courage/patience…to do…

　　It requires courage/patience/hardwork…to do…

　　*注意:probable和possible均可作表語,但possible可以用不定式作真實主語,而probable不能用不定式作真實主語。

　　It is probable for him to come to the meeting. (錯)

　　It is possible for him to come to the meeting.

　　It is possible/probable that he will come to the meeting.

　　二、不定式做表語

　　主語是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task等為中心詞的名詞詞組或以what引導的名詞性從句表示,后面的不定式說明其內容,不定式作表語常表示將來或現在的動作或狀態。

　　eg: My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.

　　Your mistake was not to write that letter.

　　What I would suggest is to start work at once.

　　三、動詞不定式作賓語

　　以不定式結構為賓語的動詞有:

ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動詞不定式作賓語

　　口訣(接不定式作賓語的動詞)

　　想要學習早打算(want learn plan)

　　快準備有希望(prepare hope wish expect)

　　同意否供選擇(agree offer choose)

　　決定了已答應(decide be determined promise)

　　盡力去著手做(manage undertake)

　　別拒絕別假裝(refuse pretend)

　　失敗不是屬于你(fail)

　　E.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.

　　We hope to get there before dark.

　　The girl decided to do it herself.

　　*注意:某些及物動詞可用-ing也可用動詞不定式作賓語但意義不同的有

　　Stop go on remember forget

　　Regret try mean can’t help

　　Be used to

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