意思的有效、精美傳輸
1．我一下船就讓一個人給纏住了，他向我兜銷一枚鉆戒。(I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.)
2．我無意要買鉆戒，但我無法掩飾自己還是被鉆石的個頭給吸引住了。(I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamond.)
3．我們走經一家路邊的商店時，他拿起一塊鉆石，緊緊地按在窗戶上，在玻璃上劃出了一道很深的印痕。(As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass.)
4．下一個走向我的人是賣貴重鋼筆和手表的。(The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.)
5．我仔細查看了其中的一支鋼筆，看起來的確像是真的。在金筆帽的底部整齊地刻著“美國造”字樣。(I examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the words ‘Made in USA’ were neatly inscribed.)
6．這人講這支筆值50英鎊，但算我面子大，只需30鎊便可拿走。(The man said that the pen was worth 50 pounds, but as a special favor, he would let me have it for 30 pounds.)
7．我搖了搖頭，伸出了五個手指，意思是我只愿意付5英鎊。(I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay 5 pounds.)
8．一邊打著手勢，嘴里面一邊哇哇亂叫著，這人表現得好像感到我的出價讓他發瘋一般。但他最終還是把價格降到了10英鎊。(Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to 10 pounds.)
9．我聳了聳肩膀便邁步走開了，此時，也就是那么一會兒的功夫，他追了上來并將筆塞到了我的手里面。(Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands.)
10．雖然他絕望地不停地向空中甩著胳膊，然而還是很欣然地接過了我給他的那5英鎊。(Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the 5 pounds that I gave him.)
11．我為自己殺價的本領沾沾自喜、得意忘形，但回到船上后這種感覺便蕩然無存了。無論我怎么擺弄，就是沒辦法將這支漂亮的筆灌上墨水。時至今日，它還沒寫出過一個字呢。(I was especially pleased with my wonderful bargain—until I got back to the ship. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day, it has never written a single word! )
12．首先，沉湎于過去是無意義的。(First of all, it is futile to dwell on the past.)
13．其次，為未來而擔憂也是沒有用的。(Second, it is also useless to worry about the future.)
14．第三，現在的這一刻才是我所知曉的唯一現實，而我不想錯失它。(Third, the present moment is the only reality I know and I don’t want to miss it.)
15．我信奉活在現在，因為沉湎于過去毫無意義，為未來擔憂毫無意義，錯失我所知曉的唯一現實中的任何東西毫無意義。(I believe in living in the present because it is futile to dwell on the past, to worry about the future, or to miss anything in the reality I know.)
16．過去存在或發生過的事情也許是很美的，令人興奮，可以帶來無窮的珍貴回憶，但是，過去已經死掉了，活著的生靈徘徊在鬼怪居住的世界里是不健康的。(What existed or happened in the past may have been beautiful or exciting and may bring profound and precious memories. But the past is dead and it is not healthy for living spirits to linger over a world inhabited by ghosts.)
17．必須把過去保持在屬于它的地方，并且超越它。(The past must be kept in its place, outlived and outgrown.)
18．我想每個人都需要有一種歷史感，特別是對自己根源的某種感覺，但是歷史有必要與之拉開一段距離才好去欣賞。(Everyone needs a sense of history, particularly a feeling of his or her own roots, but history needs to keep its distance to be appreciated.)
19．小孩子在電腦上花費了太多的時間，而花在學習和鍛煉身體方面的時間卻少得可憐，這對他們的學習和健康帶來了嚴重影響，值得我們密切關注。(Children are spending too much time on computers and too little time on study and physical exercises. This has greatly affected their study and health and is, thereby, well worth our deep concern.)
20．我認為，經驗豐富、掌握技能多的人對社會發展的貢獻會更大。(I believe that those who have more experience and more skills make more contribution to social development.)
21．日本高科技消費品得以主導世界市場是因為日本人勤奮、重技術、重創新。(Japanese consumer products are able to dominate the world market because the Japanese are hard working, technologically oriented and innovation-focused.)
22．首先，我們知道日本人工作拼命，經常為了工作而犧牲自己的閑暇時間。(First of all, we know that the Japanese work very hard, often sacrificing their free time for work.)
23．鑒于核電太過危險，我認為所有國家應該禁止使用，并將注意力集中到諸如水電、風力發電、太陽能等可替代能源的開發上來。(As nuclear power is far too dangerous, I hold that all countries should ban its use and concentrate, instead, on the development of such alternative sources of energy as hydroelectric power, wind power and solar energy.)
24．每年都有成千上萬的高技能、高學歷人才離開中國前往發達國家工作或定居，這對我國的經濟發展帶來了負面影響，因為這些人才恰恰也是我們國家發展經濟所需要的。(Every year thousands of highly skilled and well educated people leave China and go to work or live in a developed country. This is having a negative effect on the economic development of our country, for these are the very people China needs in developing our economy.)
25．人的社會地位究竟該如何衡定呢？有人認為應該以財富量為準，有人認為應該以對社會的貢獻為準。(How can we measure or define one’s social status? Some people hold that it should be based on the wealth an individual owns while others argue that one’s social status should be awarded according the contribution he or she has made to the society. )
People have various ways of relieving stress. What are some of the ways that you find most effective in relieving stress? Give reasons and examples to support your response.
人們緩解壓力的方式確實千差萬別：有人痛哭，有人大笑，有人狂飲，有人狂舞，凡此種種，不一而足。可我感到對自己來講最有效的方式是猛睡覺和散長步。
The way or ways that people relieve their stress are very much different: some cry, some laugh, some overdrink themselves and some dance wildly, so on and so forth, to name just a few. However, the two most effective ways that work on me are sleeping in and taking long walks.
我們先來看看睡大覺的諸多好處。睡大覺可以使我們緊張、疲勞的神經得到休息。壓力大時，我們往往會感到煩躁、容易上火，這只會加重我們的壓力感。一有機會，猛睡一場，我們的神經就會得到相應的調整，從而有助于克服緊張和疲勞。另外，睡大覺可以使我們暫時把壓力忘記。進入睡眠狀態后，我們便不會再去思考壓力的問題，一切的一切都暫時歸于平靜，等醒來的時候，壓力感往往會變得小了。當然，睡大覺并非是隨時隨地都可以做到的，而是要找時間，在工作允許的情況下。
Now let’s look at the many advantages of sleeping in. Sleeping in may help ease our nervousness and give our exhausted nerves a break. While under pressure, we tend to be impatient and easily lose our temper which could only aggravate our feeling of pressure. Sleeping in once there is a chance can help adjust our nerves and this is conducive to getting over nervousness and tiredness. Furthermore, sleeping in can let us forget all about the stress for the time being. Once falling asleep, we would be free from thinking about the stress any longer and everything recedes to temporary tranquility, so when we wake up, the stress is not that strong anymore. Of course, we are unable to sleep in wherever we are and whenever we want to, rather, we need to find time, that is, when work allows us to do so.
我們再來看看散長步的絕妙之處。散步本身就是最好的體育鍛煉，可以使我們保持健康的身體，從而增強我們排壓的能力和長遠的健康。同時，散長步的過程中我們可以一邊欣賞周圍的景色，一邊思考大腦中的問題。這樣，我們一邊鍛煉，一邊賞景，一邊思考，三合一，壓力也就成了很小的一部分煩擾了。
Next, let’s take a look at some of the positive points of taking long walks. As we know, taking a walk itself is the best form of exercise that can help us keep fit, thus improving our capability to alleviate or eradicate pressure which in turn makes for our long-term health. Meanwhile, taking long walks provides us with opportunities to enjoy the beauty of the surrounding sceneries and to think over the problems in our mind. Therefore, we are actually doing exercises, feasting our eyes on the sceneries and thinking about things at the same time: all three in one, which means that stress or pressure becomes only a small part of the whole process.
總之，經過我多年的實際驗證，這兩種方式對于緩解，甚至是徹底排除壓力具有極佳的效果，因此，我向朋友們高度推薦，希望它們在你的身上也能產生實際效果。
In general, my own experience across the years has proved that the above mentioned two ways are the most effective in terms of relieving and even eradicating stress, so I highly recommend them to you and hope they would produce the same effect on you.
Passage 1:
French are elegant people.(此話非常概括，是“帥才”，所以會統領一只隊伍) They are artists in everyday life, having a very good taste in everything. They don’t like American tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five-star restaurants, so one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. It read ‘No trousers, please!’(讀完了，感覺是個很具體的例子，對嗎？)
A gourmet coffee was sold in Tokyo as an antidote to stress. Its name supposedly meant to people that it would soothe the troubled breast, yet when it was printed in English, it turned out to be ‘Ease Your Bosoms.’(又是一個例子，我們開始揣摩：作者要說什么呢？)
Swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named Electro. Their original ad slogan was translated as ‘Nothing sucks like Electro.’(又一個例子！意圖何在？)
The selling of Chevrolet was very bad in South America. And the reason? The translation of this brand sounds like ‘no va’—which means ‘It doesn’t go’ in Spanish.(還是例子！！為什么呀？)
When Pepsi-cola invaded the huge Chinese and German markets, the efforts initially fizzled. The product’s slogan, ‘Come alive with the Pepsi generation’, was rendered into German as ‘come out of the grave with Pepsi’. Coca-Cola also discovered something had gone wrong in Taiwan. The Chinese characters chosen for the world-famous product sound like its name means ‘Bite the Wax Tadpole.’(依然是例子！！！肯定要說明某個道理，那這個道理是什么呢？)
A pliers company’s slogan ‘Turn it loose’ became, in Spanish, equivalent to ‘suffer from diarrhea.’ A company translated its sticky tape slogan into Japanese and came up with a sticky problem. The slogan ‘Sticks like crazy’ became literally ‘it sticks foolishly’ in Japanese.(更多的例子！如果沒有目的，那是不可能的！)
A tonic product in China is made of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseases. Yet it was translated as ‘oral liquid’, which means ‘saliva’ in English. In the brochure, it was described in this way: ‘it tastes like medicine’, when the language in the original meant to use it as a food therapy.(例子！！)
Even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product.(此話也是“帥才”) A baby food company initially packaged their African products just the same as in the US—with a cute baby picture on the jar. They didn’t realize that because so many Africans cannot read, nearly all packaged products sold in Africa carry pictures of what is inside. Pureed baby! How horrible!(例子越舉越厲害了，看來是要舉到頭了！)
In an Asian city, where traffic is really very bad, to secure people’s safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. Pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. A sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify English-speaking passengers, ‘Go Underground’.(眼睛的余光已經看到全篇的結束了，所以，這肯定是最后一個例子啦！同時，馬上也就要看到作者想說明什么問題啦！)
We chuckled at such clumsy translations.(比較概括，“帥才”，那為什么忍不住要笑呢？下面的解釋就必然是作者的寫作意圖了)Is there anything wrong in the language? We must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. It’s best to hire the best for translation. Don’t take it for granted that as long as one speaks a little English, he is autonomously able to do the translation. It takes a while to learn to be a good translator.(就是它！千呼萬喚使出來！)
請各位再回顧一下本文的寫作思路是怎么設計的？
Passage 2:
One day, in a zoo, a female ape held something in her hand, clutching it tightly.(雖然是一個事實，但對于我們讀者來講就會做出各種猜測，所以，這里面肯定有文章) A zookeeper was anxious to get it from the ape, for (表原因)he was suspicious that the thing was dangerous or valuable.(真是如此嗎？想必不會的，否則故事講起來就沒勁了) First he offered the ape some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. Realizing that they were negotiating, the zookeeper upped the ante and offered a piece of pineapple. At this point, while maintaining eye contact, the ape opened her hand and revealed a key chain, to the zookeeper’s great relief. As he gave the pineapple to the ape, she suddenly changed her mind. Instead of giving him the whole chain, she broke it and gave him a link, perhaps figuring why give him the whole thing if she can get a bit of pineapple for each piece. What an astute bargainer she was!(很有趣，不是嗎？但這個東西究竟要派做什么用場呢？難得就是為了換好東西吃嗎？恐怕不會那么簡單，否則文章開頭就不會那么安排了)
The first time an ape named Coco broke out, the zookeepers chalked it up to human error.(猩猩跑出來了，雖然講是由于管理員的疏忽，但肯定不會那么簡單的。否則，開始時講的內容就與此無關了，是嗎？) It was a balmy day, and the apes at the zoo had been playing in their big outdoor enclosure. Afterward, shocked zookeepers looked up and saw Coco and his family hanging out in trees near the elephant barn. Later investigation revealed the door connecting the furnace room to the outdoor enclosure was open. The director chewed out his staff, and the incident was forgotten. But (不看后面內容就知道又出問題了，為什么？因為有but)the next time the weather was nice, Coco escaped again. The director fumed. He was getting ready to fire someone. But(這里肯定要出現轉機了，為什么？因為有but嘛) soon afterwards, he caught Coco in the act. First the young ape climbed down some air-vent louvers into a dry moat. Then, taking hold of the bottom of the furnace-room door, he pulled it back just enough to slide a wire into the gap, slip a latch and pop the door open. The following day, the director noticed something shiny sticking out of Coco’s mouth: that was the wire lock-pick, stowed there between escapes.(謎團解開了，但又是為了說明什么問題呢？眼睛的余光一掃，看到下面還有很多內容，所以，作者的真實意圖還在后面)
An anthropologist tried to teach an ape human sign language and also some virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. Indeed, the ape set up an example of sharing that a robber baron might envy. When he was given some grapes and asked to share them with the anthropologist, he promptly ate all the fruit. Then seemingly remembered he had been asked to share, he handed the anthropologist the stem.(幽默啊！但恐怕不會僅僅為了這點幽默吧？意圖在后！)
A whale, called Charles once helped save his family.(肯定要講述全過程的，否則讀者沒法理解其中的訣竅，所以，此話也是“帥才”) He was kept in a big tank with his mate in a zoological consulting firm. When his mate gave birth to a baby, who did not thrive at first, keepers took him out of the tank by a stretcher for emergency care. After that they returned the big baby back to the tank. As the boom operator halted the stretcher a few feet above the water, the baby suddenly began to throw up through his mouth and blowholes. The keepers feared it would aspirate vomit, which could bring pneumonia, but they could not reach the baby to help it. Apparently sizing up the problem, Charles swam under the stretcher and allowed one of the men to stand on his head, something he had never been trained to do. Then, using his tail flukes to keep steady, Charles let the keeper reach up and release the bridle so the 420-pound baby could slide into the water within reach of help.(又是一個精美的例子！該說明舉這些例子的意圖了吧？)
Do animals really have thoughts, what we call consciousness? (這才是作者要揭示的真實意圖，而且是以一個問句的形式擺出的)If animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their purposes. There are more and more evidences to show how little we know about animal intelligence.(深入到這個層面了) Besides,(表示遞進) what is intelligence anyway? If life is about perpetuation of a species—and intelligence is meant to serve that perpetuation—then we can’t hold a candle to pea-brained sea turtles, which predated us and survived the calamity that wiped out dinosaurs. Still,(層層遞進) it is comforting to realize that other species besides our own can stand back and appraise the world around them even if their horizons are more constrained than ours.(寫作的真實意圖出現在了結論段里)
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