From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first __1__ , they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2__ tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind‘s future __3__ and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is __4__ for our ability to produce and use language.They __5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us __6__ an innate language ability not found in lower __7__ . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our __8__ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, __9__ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical __10__ times for language development.
Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed.
__16__some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities.
These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__ , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's lang uage skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
答案及解析:
1.
【答案】B
【解析】此處意為：當人類剛剛開始進化，他們如同新生兒一樣不會運用語言這種工具。
evolved逐漸發展，進化符合題意。generated生殖，發展；born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語動詞；originated起源，不能用first修飾。
2.
【答案】A
【解析】根據語法分析，答案應用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結果，而是人類在進化過程中慢慢發展起來的，對人類來說，應當是珍貴的。
3.
【答案】A
【解析】此處意思是：語言的發展增加了人類未來的成就和文化進步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂；evolution進化。
4.
【答案】D
【解析】此處意為：許多語言學家認為進化使人們產生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對……負責，是……的原由。其它選項不與for搭配。
5.
【答案】C
【解析】根據語法分析,空格后應是一個賓語從句，而A，B，D三項后都不能接從句做直接賓語。confirm(確認)+名詞；inform(通知)sb.of sth.；convince(使某人確信) sb.of sth.
6.
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”
7.
【答案】B
【解析】此處意為：我們高度發達的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動物所不具備的語言能力。顯然，這里是把人和低等動物相比較。因此選organisms有機體，生物體。
8.
【答案】A
【解析】此句意思是：人類的語言能力是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發展，所以這種能力應該是潛在的。potential潛力；performance履行；preference偏愛；passion激情。
9.
【答案】A
【解析】此句句義是：語言本身作為童年時期大腦生長的一種功能，其發展是緩慢的。as (作為，當作)合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是“像……一樣”。
10.
【答案】B
【解析】此句意為：語言的發展有一個關鍵期，人體的成長是生物變化的過程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社會的；psychological心理的
11.
【答案】A
【解析】此處意為：目前人們對“先天論”評論觀點不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評論；reference參考；reaction反應；recommendation推薦。
12.
【答案】C
【解析】從11題可看出，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學校為例加以說明，因此這里應填一個表示遞進關系的詞Indeed(甚至)。
13.
【答案】D
【解析】此處意思是：越來越多的學校發現在什么年級學外語較容易，根據常識(低年級學外語較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以選定答案。
14.
【答案】B
【解析】此處意為：通過接觸多種語言，孩子們可以學會好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項不與to搭配。engage in從事；be involved in參與。
15.
【答案】C
【解析】此句意思是：一旦母語的規則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學好另一種語言。rules規則，規律；regulations規定；formations構成，構造；constitutions憲法，章程。
16.
【答案】A
【解析】分析上下文的邏輯關系，從句意思是：語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：語言不會在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發展。前后應為轉折關系。
17.
【答案】D
【解析】此句意為：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的；distinguished區別的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保護的。
18.
【答案】D
【解析】此句總結前幾句，意為：必須通過與他人交往，語言才能夠發展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比較；contrast對比。
19.
【答案】A
【解析】根據分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對應上文中的language development。也就是說，language acquisition語言習得。appreciation欣賞,感激；requirement要求；alternative轉移，轉變，轉換。
20.
【答案】C
【解析】本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。In other words換言之，換句話說；As a result結果是；After all畢竟；Above all首先。
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